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Banksia aemula
''Banksia aemula'', commonly known as the wallum banksia, is a lignotuberous shrub of the family Proteaceae. Found from Bundaberg south to Sydney on the Australian east coast, it is encountered as a shrub or a taller tree to in coastal heath on deep sandy soil, known as Wallum. It has wrinkled orange bark and shiny green serrated leaves, with green-yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, appearing in autumn. The flower spikes turn grey as they age and large grey follicles appear. ''Banksia aemula'' resprouts from its woody lignotuber after bushfires.
First described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century, it derives its specific epithet 'similar' from its resemblance to the closely related ''Banksia serrata''. No varieties are recognised. It was known for many years in New South Wales as ''Banksia serratifolia'', contrasting with the use of ''B. aemula'' elsewhere. However, the former name, originally coined by Richard Anthony Salisbury, proved invalid, and ''Banksia aemula'' has been universally adopted as the correct scientific name since 1981. A wide array of mammals, birds, and invertebrates visit the inflorescences and are instrumental in pollination; honeyeaters are particularly prominent visitors. Grown as a garden plant, it is less commonly seen in horticulture than its close relative ''B. serrata''.
==Description==
''Banksia aemula'' is generally a gnarled shrub or small tree to , although usually smaller. The trunk has thick orange-brown wrinkled and warty bark, and the new growth is hairy but becomes smooth as it ages.〔 New shoot growth is in spring and summer.〔 pp. 50–51.〕 The shiny green leaves are obovate to oblong in shape and measure in length, and in width. The leaf ends are truncate and the margins flat and serrated. Flowering is in autumn, from March to June; the green-yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, are terminal, found on the ends of branches and emerging from the foliage. Measuring in height and in width, they are various shades of pale and greenish yellow.〔 Anywhere from 800 to 1700 individual small flowers arise from a central woody spike (or rachis). Initially tipped with white conical pollen presenters, the flowers open sequentially from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence over one to two weeks, in a process known as anthesis. Each flower produces nectar for around seven days after opening. The flower spikes turn grey as they age and up to 25 finely furred grey follicles appear, which can be very large, measuring long, high, and wide. They split open either after bushfire or spontaneously, and release oval seeds in length, composed of a wedge-shaped body long and wide, and curved wing wide. ''Banksia aemula'' resprouts from its woody lignotuber after fire.〔
''Banksia aemula'' closely resembles ''Banksia serrata'', but the latter can be distinguished by a greyer, not orange-brown, trunk, and adult leaves wider than in diameter. Inflorescences of ''serrata'' are generally a duller grey-yellow in colour, and have longer (2–3 mm), more fusiform (spindle-shaped) or cylindrical pollen presenters tipping unopened flowers. Finally, the follicles are smaller.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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